PIC16F877A Microcontroller:Datasheet,Pinout and Application 2023

The PIC16F877A microcontroller is a powerful and versatile integrated circuit that has become a cornerstone in the world of embedded systems and microcontroller programming. Developed by Microchip Technology, the PIC16F877A is a member of the PIC16 family and boasts an array of features that make it a popular choice among electronics enthusiasts, students, and professionals.

In this article, we will explore the datasheet, pinout, and applications of the PIC16F877A microcontroller, providing valuable insights for both beginners and experienced designers looking to harness the capabilities of this versatile microcontroller in their projects.

What is PIC16F877A Microcontroller

The PIC16F877A is a popular 8-bit microcontroller from the PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) family, developed by Microchip Technology (formerly known as Microchip Technology Inc.). It is widely used in various embedded systems and electronic projects due to its versatility and features.

PIC16F877A Pinout and Description

Pin16f877a Pinout Description as following:

PIC16F877A Microcontroller Features

The Specification of PIC16F877A microcontroller are:

• 8-bit RISC architecture
• 8 MHz maximum operating frequency
• 14 KB Flash program memory
• 368 Bytes of RAM
• 33 input/output (I/O) pins
• Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
• Timers and Counters
• Serial Communication Interfaces (USART, SPI, I2C)
• EEPROM data memory

According to the specification, here are the features of PIC16F877A,

8-bit CPU Core: The microcontroller features an 8-bit RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) CPU core, which allows for efficient and compact code execution.

Flash Memory: It has a significant amount of flash memory for storing the user's program code. This memory is non-volatile, allowing the program to be retained even when power is turned off.

RAM and EEPROM: The device includes RAM (Random Access Memory) for temporary data storage during program execution, and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) for non-volatile data storage.

Peripheral Integration: The PIC16F877A offers a variety of on-chip peripherals, including:

Timers and Counters: Useful for generating time delays, measuring time intervals, and creating PWM signals.

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC): Converts analog signals (such as sensor readings) into digital values for processing.

Digital I/O Ports: A set of general-purpose digital I/O pins for interfacing with external devices.

Serial Communication Modules: USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) for serial communication.

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM): Used for generating analog-like signals, useful for applications like motor control and LED dimming.

Interrupt System: Supports hardware and software interrupts for efficient event handling.

Watchdog Timer: A timer that resets the microcontroller if the software hangs or crashes.

Clock Options: The microcontroller can be operated using different clock sources, including an internal oscillator and an external crystal oscillator, providing flexibility in choosing the appropriate clock speed for your application.

Low Power Modes: The device offers various low-power modes, allowing you to conserve energy when the microcontroller is not actively processing data.

Wide Operating Voltage Range: The microcontroller can operate within a wide voltage range, making it suitable for both battery-powered and industrial applications.

On-Chip Oscillator: The internal oscillator eliminates the need for an external clock source in many applications, reducing component count and overall system cost.

Development Tools: Microchip provides a range of development tools, including compilers, integrated development environments (IDEs), and programming/debugging hardware, to aid in the development process.

Wide Range of Applications: Due to its features and flexibility, the PIC16F877A is suitable for applications such as industrial control, automation, robotics, consumer electronics, automotive systems, medical devices, and more.

PIC16F877A Microcontroller Circuit Diagram

Here is the basic circuit of pic16f877a,

PIC16F877A Microcontroller Programming

Programming the PIC16F877A microcontroller involves writing code that specifies how the microcontroller should function and interact with its peripherals. Here's an overview of the steps involved in programming the PIC16F877A:

Step1. Select a Programming Language

You can write code for the PIC16F877A in languages like C, assembly language, or even high-level languages with appropriate compilers or tools.

Step2. Choose a Development Environment

Select a development environment that supports PIC microcontrollers. Microchip's MPLAB X IDE is a popular choice. It provides a code editor, compiler, debugger, and simulation tools.

Step3. Write Your Code

Create your program logic based on your application's requirements. This may involve configuring peripherals like GPIO, timers, ADC, UART, etc.

Step4. Compile Your Code

Use the appropriate compiler to translate your source code into machine-readable instructions (assembly code or machine code).

Step5. Generate Hex File

After compiling, you'll obtain a binary file in a format called a hex file. This file contains the machine code instructions that the microcontroller can understand.

Step6. Program the Microcontroller

Use a programmer (e.g., PICkit) to load the hex file onto the PIC16F877A's memory. This can be done via in-circuit serial programming (ICSP) using the MCLR/Vpp pin.

Step7. Debug and Test

Use debugging tools provided by your development environment to identify and fix any issues in your code. You can simulate the behavior of your program before testing it on the actual hardware.

Step8. Hardware Setup

Connect the necessary components to the PIC16F877A's pins, including power, ground, crystal oscillator (if required), and any external peripherals like LEDs, sensors, motors, etc.

Step9. Run Your Program

Power up the circuit, and the microcontroller will execute your program. Monitor its behavior and verify that it's functioning as expected.

Step10. Iterate and Refine

If necessary, make adjustments to your code, recompile, and reprogram the microcontroller. Continue testing and refining until your application works correctly.

PIC16F877A Microcontroller Application

The PIC16F877A microcontroller is used in various applications, including:

• Embedded Systems
• Consumer Electronics
• Automotive Electronics
• Medical Devices
• Robotics
• Education
• Industrial Control
• Communication Systems
• Security Systems
• Instrumentation
• LED Displays and Lighting
• Power Management
• Entertainment Systems
• Environmental Monitoring

Advantages and Disadvantages of PIC16F877A Microcontroller

Here are some advantages and disadvantages of the PIC16F877A microcontroller:

Advantages:

• Wide Usage and Community: The PIC16F877A is a widely used microcontroller with a large user base and community support. This means there are abundant resources, tutorials, and forums available for learning and troubleshooting.
• Integrated Peripherals: The microcontroller comes with a range of integrated peripherals such as timers, ADC, USART, PWM, and more. This reduces the need for external components and simplifies circuit design.
• Low Power Consumption: The PIC16F877A is designed to operate efficiently in low-power modes, making it suitable for battery-powered and energy-efficient applications.
• Versatility: Its flexibility and varied features make it suitable for a wide range of applications, from simple control tasks to more complex projects.
• Cost-Effective: The microcontroller is relatively affordable, making it accessible for hobbyists and small-scale projects.
• ICSP Programming: In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) allows for easy programming without removing the microcontroller from the circuit.
• Robust and Reliable: Microchip's reputation for producing robust and reliable microcontrollers adds to its appeal for industrial and critical applications.

Disadvantages:

• Limited Processing Power: The PIC16F877A is an 8-bit microcontroller, which may not be as powerful as 16-bit or 32-bit counterparts for certain complex computations.
• Limited Memory: While it has a reasonable amount of memory, it might not be sufficient for very data-intensive applications.
• Limited I/O Pins: With 40 pins, the microcontroller might not have enough I/O pins for more extensive projects requiring numerous connections.
• Obsolete Technology: The PIC16F877A is an older model, and there are newer microcontrollers available with more advanced features, better performance, and lower power consumption
• Lack of Floating-Point Unit: The absence of a hardware floating-point unit can impact the speed and efficiency of floating-point calculations.
• Less Suitable for High-End Applications: Due to its limitations in processing power and memory, the PIC16F877A might not be the best choice for high-end applications requiring extensive processing or multitasking capabilities.
• Learning Curve: While the PIC16F877A is well-documented, getting started with microcontroller programming may have a learning curve, especially for beginners.

PIC16F877A Microcontroller Price

The price of the PIC16F877A microcontroller can vary depending on factors such as the region, supplier, quantity purchased, and any additional components or kits included. Generally, it is considered to be an affordable microcontroller.

Check the latest price of PIC16F877A from embedic>>

PIC16F877A Microcontroller Datasheet PDF

Learn and download PIC16F877A microcontroller here>>

PIC16F877A Microcontroller Manufacturer

The PIC16F877A microcontroller is manufactured by Microchip Technology Inc. Microchip is a well-known semiconductor company that specializes in microcontrollers, microprocessors, and other integrated circuits for various applications. The PIC series of microcontrollers, including the PIC16F877A, is one of their most popular and widely used product lines in the embedded systems and electronics industry.

Further Reading: PIC18F26K40 Microcontroller: Datasheet, Pinout and Application

Conclusion

In conclusion, the PIC16F877A microcontroller remains a steadfast and influential component in the realm of embedded systems, offering a powerful platform for diverse applications. Its comprehensive datasheet, extensive peripheral support, and wide-ranging applications make it a favored choice among electronics designers and programmers. When utilizing the PIC16F877A, refer to the datasheet and application notes to ensure proper circuit design and optimal utilization of its features.

Stay abreast of the latest advancements in microcontroller technology, explore programming tutorials, and experiment with various projects to unlock the full potential of the PIC16F877A microcontroller. Whether you are delving into robotics, automation, or educational endeavors, the PIC16F877A microcontroller empowers you to transform your innovative concepts into reality and create embedded solutions that cater to a diverse array of applications.