At present, the microcontroller is moving toward high performance and multi-species development trend will be further developed in several directions such as CMOSization, low power consumption, small size, large capacity, high performance, low price and peripheral circuit internalization, etc. Nowadays, the world's major chip manufacturing companies have launched their own microcontrollers.
Microcontroller, also known as monolithic microcomputer or monolithic microtype computer. It is the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), input/output ports (I/0) and other major computer functional components are integrated in a microcomputer on an integrated circuit chip. Nowadays, microcontrollers have everything, from 8-bit, 16-bit to 32-bit, according to the development process of microcontrollers can be seen in the development trend of microcontrollers are roughly the following three.
1. Micro-monolithic: many microcontrollers now have a variety of packaging forms, including SMD (surface package) is increasingly popular, making the system composed of a microcontroller is developing in the direction of miniaturization.
Nowadays, products generally require small size and light weight, which requires microcontrollers to be small in size in addition to strong functionality and low power consumption. Even microcontroller manufacturers can also be customized according to the requirements of users, manufacturing a microcontroller chip with its own characteristics.
2. Mainstream and multi-species coexistence: Now although the variety of microcontrollers, each with its own advantages, but still the 80C51 as the core of the microcontroller accounted for the mainstream, in a certain period of time, this situation will continue, there will be no monopoly of a single microcontroller situation, the path of dependence and complementarity, complement each other and common development.
3. Low-power CMOS: Now the microcontroller is generally in the 100mW, and the MCS-51 series of 8031 power consumption of 630mW, with the requirements of the microcontroller power consumption is increasingly low, now the various microcontroller manufacturers are basically using CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor process).
CMOS although lower power consumption, but due to its physical characteristics determine its working speed is not high enough, while CHMOS has the characteristics of high-speed and low power consumption, these characteristics, more suitable for applications requiring low power consumption like battery power.
Like the 80C51 uses HMOS (that is, high-density metal oxide semiconductor process) and CHMOS (complementary high-density metal oxide semiconductor process). So this process will be the main way of microcontroller development in the future period.
At present, the microcontroller penetrates into all areas of our life, it is difficult to find almost any field without the trace of microcontroller.
Missile navigation devices, aircraft control of various instruments, computer network communication and data transmission, industrial automation process of real-time control and data processing, a variety of widely used intelligent IC cards, civilian limousine security systems, video recorders, cameras, automatic washing machine control, as well as program-controlled toys, electronic pets, etc., these are inseparable from the microcontroller. Not to mention the field of automatic control of robots, intelligent meters, medical devices and a variety of intelligent machinery.
Therefore, the study, development and application of microcontroller will create a number of computer applications and intelligent control of scientists and engineers. Microcontroller is widely used in the fields of instrumentation, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, intelligent management of special equipment and process control.
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